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GAAP
GAAP is an abbreviation for accounting principles and accounting standards called "Generally Accepted Accounting Principles".
GDR
GDRs in written form are called "Global Depository Receipts" and refer to a certificate that securitises the ownership of a share.
Gearing
The term gearing refers to the ratio of equity to debt capital.
General Disclosure
General Disclosure refers to a concept according to which the buyer bears the risk, depending on the amount and quality of data, of having overlooked something during due diligence. This risk can be reduced by the buyer agreeing on fair disclosure with the seller.
General Partner
A general partner is a personally liable partner (general partner) of a limited partnership.
Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are a collection of generally accepted accounting principles and regulations. Commonly used Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are, for example, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and US-GAAP.
German GAAP
The term "German GAAP" is often used in English language contracts and means the principles of orderly accounting (GoB) according to the German Commercial Code (HGB).
Giveaway
In the context of a negotiation, a giveaway is a negotiating position that one party is prepared to give up if the other party agrees to it on another point.
Global Coordinator
The Global Coordinator is the leader of the banking syndicate in international securities issues.
Going concern basis
A going concern basis refers to the fact that the valuation of a company or individual assets is based on the assumption that the company will continue as an economic unit.
Going Private
As soon as a public limited company withdraws from the stock exchange (for example through delisting), one speaks of going private.
Going public
The initial public offering of a company is called going public.
Good Leaver
A good leaver is a shareholder (participating manager) who leaves the company due to personal circumstances beyond his control such as death, age or disability.
Goodwill
Goodwill is the difference between the current market value and the acquisition price of a company. This difference, which is also called goodwill, results from the fact that the buyer is often prepared to pay a higher amount than the actual current market value for strategic reasons, for example, because the company has a well-known brand name.
Governing Law
The legal system that is subject to a contract is called Governing Law. In internationally concluded contracts, the parties are usually free to choose the applicable law (Choice of Law Clause).
Grace Period
During a grace period, a loan is grace-free, which means that the debtor may have to pay the interest.
Greemail
A greemail is a business offer from a major shareholder. Either the major shareholder seeks a hostile takeover of the target company or the target company buys the shares from the shareholder at a price above the stock market price.
Greenshoe
A greenshoe refers to the agreement which enables the banks accompanying the issue in the context of an IPO (Initial Public Offering) to allocate more shares to the prospective buyers than originally intended (over-allotment). In this way, the underwriting banks can stabilise the share price in the event of an oversubscribed offer by increasing the share offering.
Gross-up Clause
The agreement in a loan agreement that obliges the borrower to pay the bank the agreed amount in nominal value is called the gross-up clause. This means that charges and taxes in particular must not lead to a reduction in the amount. In a company purchase agreement, such a clause has the effect that the party liable to pay damages must increase the amount of compensation by the amount of tax payable on it by the injured party.
Guarantee on First Demand
A Guarantee on First Demand means in English "guarantee on first demand". This means that someone who is claimed under a Guarantee on First Demand has to pay immediately and may not refuse payment with the argument that the guarantee case did not occur at all. This question is then clarified in a subsequent recourse process.
Guarantor
The person who, in the context of a credit agreement, merely assumes joint and several liability without being allowed to draw down the credit himself is called a guarantor.
Gun Jumping
Gun jumping is a term for the unacceptable price increases of securities before they have been admitted to trading.